Results from the SURPASS-2 trial

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Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones secreted by the gut during a meal, which convey insulinotropic signals to the pancreatic islet cells, thereby potentiating glucose-induced insulin secretion and modulating blood glucose levels—termed the ‘incretin effect’.

The two predominant incretin hormones are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is secreted by L-cells in the jejunal mucosa, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secreted by the duodenal K-cells in the duodenal mucosa. 1, 4-6 Together, these incretins are responsible for most of the incretin effect in response to oral glucose loading. 4, 7 In terms of relative importance, recent evidence suggests that GIP may…